Volume expansion is the increase in the volume of a metal when its temperature rises. As heat is supplied, the atoms within the metal gain energy and vibrate more, increasing the spacing between them. This thermal effect influences the dimensional stability and functional performance of metal components during heating and cooling.

Key Features:

• Relationship with Temperature: Volume expansion increases as temperature increases; the increase is based on the coefficient of thermal expansion of the particular metal.
• Impact on Dimensional Stability: Volume expansion of metals will change the shape of metals (size and shape), which can change the installation tolerances and alignment of metals.

Volume expansion plays a crucial role in engineering design and providing dependable materials. During various processes (welding, casting, and heat treatment), if there is too much or too rapid volume expansion, then distortion, internal stress(es), and cracking when cooled are the likely result. Therefore, volume expansion is taken into account by engineers when designing components for use under varying temperatures so that they retain their original structural integrity. In applications (such as in pipes, machinery, and the framework of buildings), allowing for thermal expansion protects these items from damage or failure. By knowing how much volume expansion to allow for, it is possible to accurately provide dimensions and safe levels of operation as well as maximize the number of successful years of service for the component.