Nanomaterials are fabricated with structures on the nanoscale (typically 1–100 nanometers). As unique substances subject to nanotechnology, they display physical, chemical, and mechanical properties that are different from bulk material properties at this small length scale.

Key Features:    

• Enhanced Properties: Nanomaterials can often exhibit higher strength, increased electrical conductivity, increased reactivity, and improved thermal stability over bulk counterparts.
• High Surface Area: Nanomaterials exhibit an exceptionally high surface area relative to volume, which enhances catalytic activity, flexibility in adsorptive capacity, and chemical interactions with other materials.
• Variety of Types: Common nanomaterials include nanoparticles, nanotube materials, nanowires, and thin films, which take advantage of their nanostructures to accomplish different purposes.

Nanomaterials have changed or are changing industries, which has advanced technological innovation and improved performance capabilities. In electronics, they are enabling devices to be smaller, faster, and with lower energy consumption. In medicine, nanomaterials are being utilized for drug delivery, imaging, and regenerative treatment. In environmental applications, they have direct uses in water purification systems and air filtration applications using membranes containing nanomaterials. Their applications continue to expand in the energy sector, such as batteries, solar cells, and supercapacitors. The unique characteristics of nanomaterials show that they have an imposed importance in today's innovation and engineering applications for the next generation.