Hydrogen embrittlement, also known as hydrogen-assisted cracking or hydrogen-induced cracking, is a phenomenon in which certain metals and alloys, particularly high-strength steels, lose their ductility and become brittle as a result of hydrogen atoms diffusing and absorbing into the metal.

Key Features: 

• Cause of embrittlement: Hydrogen enters through electroplating, welding, and corrosive or hydrogen-rich environments.
• Materials affected: High-strength steels, nickel, and titanium alloys are most susceptible.
• Failure risk: Although hydrogen is present in amounts (ppb) that are not hazardous, it can develop internal pressure (stress) and cause cracking without lots of external force.

Hydrogen embrittlement is an important factor in any industry where structural integrity is very important, such as aerospace, automotive, and energy. More knowledge on this issue will allow industries to take preventative measures (such as baking or post-processing after electroplating) and make informed decisions on material selection while ensuring the long-term safety and performance of their components.